Quantitative magnetic measurements with transmission electron microscope

Abstract

We briefly review the state-of-the-art electron magnetic chiral dichroism experiments and theory with focus on quantitative measurements of the atom-specific orbital to spin moment ratio m l / m s . Our approach of quantitative method, based on reciprocal space mapping of the magnetic signal, is described. We discuss additional symmetry considerations for m l / m s measurements, which are present due to dynamical diffraction effects. These lead to a preference for the 3-beam orientation of the sample. Further on, we describe a method of correcting asymmetries present due to imperfect 3-beam orientation—the so-called double-difference correction.