Abstract
BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease that is characterized by continued inflammatory challenges to the exposed population and it has been established as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. Improved diagnosis of schistosomiasis and its associated pathology is possible through mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers among the infected population, which will influence early detection of the disease and its subtle morbidity.MethodologyA high-throughput proteomic approach was used to analyse human urine samples for 49 volunteers from Eggua, a schistosomiasis endemic community in South-West, Nigeria. The individuals were previously screened for Schistosoma haematobium and structural bladder pathologies via microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Samples were categorised into schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis with bladder pathology, bladder pathology, and a normal healthy control group. These samples were analysed to identify potential protein biomarkers.ResultsA total of 1306 proteins and 9701 unique peptides were observed in this study (FDR = 0.01). Fifty-four human proteins were found to be potential biomarkers for schistosomiasis and bladder pathologies due to schistosomiasis by label-free quantitative comparison between groups. Thirty-six (36) parasite-derived potential biomarkers were also identified, which include some existing putative schistosomiasis biomarkers that have been previously reported. Some of these proteins include Elongation factor 1 alpha, phosphopyruvate hydratase, histone H4 and heat shock proteins (HSP 60, HSP 70).ConclusionThese findings provide an in-depth analysis of potential schistosoma and human host protein biomarkers for diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium and its pathogenesis.
Highlights
Urinary schistosomiasis, caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium, is of public health significance in tropical and sub-tropical areas, with an estimated 732 million persons being vulnerable to infection worldwide in well-defined transmission areas [1]
Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease that is characterized by continued inflammatory challenges to the exposed population and it has been established as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer
These findings provide an in-depth analysis of potential schistosoma and human host protein biomarkers for diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium and its pathogenesis
Summary
Urinary schistosomiasis, caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium, is of public health significance in tropical and sub-tropical areas, with an estimated 732 million persons being vulnerable to infection worldwide in well-defined transmission areas [1]. Schistosomiasis is characterized by continued health threat and inflammatory challenges in people who are exposed to long-term daily risk of infection [7]. Chronic infection with S. haematobium has been reported as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer [8,9]. Histopathologists have associated S. haematobium infection with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder [11]. S. haematobium has been associated with a two- to ten-fold increase in the risk of bladder squamous cell carcinoma, as well as being a potential cause of kidney damage. Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease that is characterized by continued inflammatory challenges to the exposed population and it has been established as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. Improved diagnosis of schistosomiasis and its associated pathology is possible through mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers among the infected population, which will influence early detection of the disease and its subtle morbidity.
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