Abstract
The knowledge of temperature distribution inside the tissue to be treated is essential for patient safety, workflow and clinical outcomes of thermal therapies. Microwave imaging represents a promising approach for non-invasive tissue temperature monitoring during hyperthermia treatment. In the present paper, a methodology for quantitative non-invasive tissue temperature estimation based on ultra-wideband (UWB) radar imaging in the microwave frequency range is described. The capabilities of the proposed method are demonstrated by experiments with liquid phantoms and three-dimensional (3D) Delay-and-Sum beamforming algorithms. The results of our investigation show that the methodology can be applied for detection and estimation of the temperature induced dielectric properties change.
Highlights
Interpretation of UWB Radar ImagesHyperthermia has been of interest of many scientific groups for decades
The methodology for tissue temperature monitoring described above should not be limited to a special imaging algorithm
It includes a 3D printed polylactic acid cup filled with the background material and a plastic lab tube (Ø 1.5 cm, volume 12 mL) filled with tumor mimicking the material under test (MUT)
Summary
Hyperthermia has been of interest of many scientific groups for decades. The first paper on hyperthermia was published in 1866 by the German surgeon Carl D. Microwave tomography as a form of quantitative imaging directly provides estimated information on the dielectric properties of the tissues under tests and is based on the solution for inverse electromagnetic scattering problems [15]. UWB radar based imaging algorithms detect and localize strong scatterers by means of coherent summation of the reflected signal energy and are widely used in early stage microwave breast tumor detection [21,22,23,24] This qualitative method images temperature induced varying tissue reflectivity due to its changing dielectric properties, which has to be converted into temperature values. Even small changes of relative permittivity (ε) and effective conductivity (σ) can be detected by ultra-wideband technology [25] The purpose of this contribution is to present the results of our investigation towards quantitative exploitation of UWB radar images for non-invasive tissue temperature estimation.
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