Quantitative Histologic Study of the Influence of Anterior Spinal Instrumentation and Biodegradable Polymer on Lumbar Interbody Fusion After Corpectomy; A Canine Model

Abstract

Histomorphometric and microradiographic studies were performed to investigate whether there are different rates of bone remodeling based on the intrinsic stability with anterior spinal instrumentation and to evaluate if biodegradable polymer could be used clinically as the material of choice for anterior spinal instrumentation. Twenty-one coon hounds underwent anterior and posterior spinal destabilizing procedures to produce a reproducible amount of spinal instability: corpectomy of L5, discectomies and partial facetectomies of L4-5 and L5-6, resections of L5 lamina, spinous process, supra- and interspinous ligament, and ligamentum flavum. Group 1 (N = 7) underwent anterior autogenous ulna strut graft alone at L4-6; group 2 (N = 7) underwent anterior biodegradable polymer strut alone at the same level; group 3 (N = 7) underwent same bone graft as in group 1, augmented by anterior Kaneda device. Six months after surgery quantitative histologic study showed that device-related osteopenia occurred in spines treated with Kaneda device. Within the L5 vertebral body the volumetric density of bone (mm3/cm3) was less for the group with Kaneda device (group 3) compared with that without instrumentation (group 1, P less than 0.05). In the spine treated with biodegradable polymer, no adverse host tissue responses were observed histologically. In addition, osteoconductive abilities of the polymer were suggested microscopically. Its mechanical property, however, was not rigid enough to stabilize the corpectomized spine.