Abstract
Introduction: Surgical treatment of displaced acromial and scapula spine fractures may be challenging due to the bony anatomy and variable fracture patterns. This difficulty is accentuated by the limitations of the available scapular plates for fracture fixation. This study compares the quantitative fitting of anatomic scapular plates and clavicle plates, using three-dimensional (3D) printed fractured scapulae. Methods: Fourteen scapulae with acromion and spine fractures were used for this study. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the fractured scapulae were obtained from the Philips picture archiving and communication system (PACS) database of patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Cape Town, South Africa between 2012 and 2016. The reconstructed scapulae were 3D printed and the anatomical acromion and clavicle plates were templated about the fracture regions. The fit assessment was performed by five observers who classified the plates as no-fit, intermediate fit, and anatomical fit according to the surgical guidelines. Results: The 6-hole anterior clavicle plate performed better than any of the scapular plates as they were able to fit 45.7% of the fractured acromion, including the spine. Among the pre-contoured anatomical scapula plates, both the short and the long acromion plates could fit only 27.3% of the fractured acromion. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.965 suggesting excellent consensus among the five observers. Conclusion: Clavicle plates were found to be better suited to fit around a scapula fracture in its acromion and spine region.
Highlights
Acromion fractures are uncommon and only comprise 8–16% of all scapula fractures [1, 2]
Surgical outcomes, involving scapula fractures, are reported in abundance [4,5,6,7] but reports on alternative methods of fracture fixation using scapula plates are sparse and small case series [1]. Even though these studies suggest that scapular fractures, involving scapular spine and acromion, can be treated surgically [8,9,10] there are no large studies investigating the performance of the available commercial anatomical scapula reconstruction plates
The 6-hole anterior clavicle plate was able to anatomically fit a maximum number of scapulae (n = 5)
Summary
Acromion fractures are uncommon and only comprise 8–16% of all scapula fractures [1, 2]. Surgical outcomes, involving scapula fractures, are reported in abundance [4,5,6,7] but reports on alternative methods of fracture fixation using scapula plates are sparse and small case series [1]. Even though these studies suggest that scapular fractures, involving scapular spine and acromion, can be treated surgically [8,9,10] there are no large studies investigating the performance of the available commercial anatomical scapula reconstruction plates.
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