Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to quantify tongue pressure in children with oral breathing and to describe their respiratory clinical manifestations, comparing them to the objective evaluation Methods: the study was performed with 60 children, four to nine years old, treated at the outpatient clinics of the Pernambuco Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, distributed into two groups, with and without oral breathing. The collection consisted of a survey of respiratory clinical manifestations, application of the protocol on respiratory mode and assessment of tongue pressure, using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: male predominance and correlation between diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and/or nasal obstruction and the clinical diagnosis of oral breathing were observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for usual position of open lips, open mouth, sagging facial expression muscles, narrow nostrils, shortened upper and everted lower lip. The mean tongue pressure in children with oral and nasal breathing presented a mean of 38.27 Kpa and 53.73 Kpa, respectively. Conclusion: tongue pressure decreased in children with oral breathing, corroborating that which is reported in the literature. There was agreement between the results of respiratory clinical characteristics and the objective evaluation.
Highlights
Oral Breathing occurs when the subject replaces the nasal respiratory pattern with an oral replacement pattern
It is possible to observe that more than 73.3% of the children in the oral breathing group had a significant difference in the manifestations of daytime and nighttime oral breathing, frequent colds, snoring, nocturnal sialorrhea and dry throat sensation upon awakening
It was observed that the mean of maximum tongue pressures was lower in the group of individuals with oral breathing
Summary
Oral Breathing occurs when the subject replaces the nasal respiratory pattern with an oral replacement pattern. The child who chronically breathes through the mouth may develop speech disorders, inadequate body posture, changes in the respiratory system, facial deformities and poor positioning of the teeth, resulting in structural changes in the face including lips, tongue, palate and mandible, which will adapt to the new respiratory pattern. The vestibular-tongue balance is removed, altering the balance of the facial muscles and generating an important functional deficiency. The tongue is characterized by an essentially muscular organ, which occupies the functional space of the oral cavity, being formed by a striated muscle tissue, actively participating in processes such as sucking, chewing, swallowing and phonation, fundamental in maintaining quality of life. In view of the importance of this organ, numerous researchers included in their work the measurement of language strength, as a way of quantitatively evaluating their functions[6]
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