Abstract
BackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) may result from repeated, frequent ankle sprains during sports activities. Manual examination for CAI is conducted; however, quantitative methods for the evaluation of CAI have not been established, and the reproducibility of the amount of stress is low. This cross-sectional study aimed to use a stress device and ultrasound for the quantitative evaluation of the change in the length of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) during simulated anterior drawer and ankle inversion stress tests.MethodsQuestionnaires were provided to 160 healthy college students (86 men, 74 women; 320 ankles). We extracted two groups from them: control subjects without a history of ankle injury (n = 64 ankles) and subjects with CAI (n = 54 ankles). We calculated the change in the length of the ATFL with anterior drawer and inversion stress tests at ankle joint plantar flexions of 0°, 20°, and 45° using ultrasound images.ResultsThe anterior length change rates were significantly higher in the CAI group than in the control group at ankle joint plantar flexions of 20° and 45° in men (P < 0.05). The inversion length change rates were significantly higher in the CAI group at ankle joint plantar flexion of 20° in men (P < 0.05). No significant between-group difference in the anterior and inversion length change rates was observed in women.ConclusionsStress ultrasound revealed greater length changes in the ATFL in the CAI group than in the control group. The stress test may be useful at ankle joint plantar flexion of 20° for men.
Highlights
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) may result from repeated, frequent ankle sprains during sports activities
Our findings suggest that the anterior drawer and inversion stress tests are effective for determining length change rates between the fibular lateral malleolus and talus at an ankle joint plantar flexion of 20° in men
We were able to clarify the differences in length change rates between the fibular lateral malleolus and talus using anterior drawer and inversion stress tests and the differences in ankle joint plantar flexion angles using Telos and diagnostic ultrasound
Summary
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) may result from repeated, frequent ankle sprains during sports activities. Manual examination for CAI is conducted; quantitative methods for the evaluation of CAI have not been established, and the reproducibility of the amount of stress is low. This cross-sectional study aimed to use a stress device and ultrasound for the quantitative evaluation of the change in the length of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) during simulated anterior drawer and ankle inversion stress tests. Ankle sprains often occur in cutting and jumping situations during sports activities [4, 5] and are roughly categorized into two types: internal and external sprains. ATFL stability greatly contributes to the overall stability of the ankle joint [9]
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