Quantitative evaluation in classification and amplitude of near-field landslide generated wave induced by granular debris

Abstract

Landslides falling into water bodies can generate impulsive waves. The process of wave generation induced by far subaerial granular landslide has been investigated through series physical experiments. The slide Froude number has been quantified considered the parameters of slide mass and water such as grain size, water depth and impact angle. The effect of impact angle, grain size and water depth on the variation of generated wave amplitude is 0.11%, 1.52% and 2.89% respectively when every 1% change in the value of the parameter. On the three governing parameters the water depth is the most sensitive to the wave amplitude, secondly the grain size and final for the impact angle. The intruding pattern of granular debris, the landslide generated wave types and maximum wave amplitude have been systematically discussed. The degree of impact interaction between the slides and water under different conditions is characterized by the value of the slide Froude number, and the empirical relationships linking the slide Froude number with the produced wave amplitude and wave classifications have been conducted based on experimental data, which is useful to illustrate the triggering mechanisms and dynamic process of impact landslide waves on high debris avalanches.