Quantitative EMG in botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Abstract

We used turns-amplitude analysis of the EMG as a guidance for botulinum toxin (BT) treatment in 19 patients with cervical dystonia. At the first examination, muscles showing abnormal activity (>100 turns/sec at rest) were given BT 75 units (10 patients) or placebo (9 patients). At subsequent examinations, about 6, 12 and 18 weeks after the start, BT 75 units were given to all hyperactive muscles. Six weeks after the first BT treatment the sternocleidomastoid muscle contralateral to the involuntary head rotation and the ipsilateral and contralateral posterior neck muscles (PNM) showed a reduction of involuntary activity, as indicated by reduced turns/sec and mean amplitude at rest. Similar changes were seen when comparing BT treatment with placebo. The reduction was greater in the contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscle than in PNM, suggesting that PNM need higher doses of BT. At maximal voluntary contraction, BT treated muscles showed unchanged turns/sec (5/6 tests), decreased mean amplitude and increased ratio (turns/amplitude). This may reflect a functional random loss of muscle fibres, combined with inability to activate all motor units. At high (89%) clinical success rate with BT therapy was obtained, and it is concluded that quantitative EMG is a useful tool for the precise identification of hyperactive muscles, for optimal placing of the injection cannula and for unbiased monitoring of the treatment effect.