Abstract
FeGa alloys are an important class of magnetostrictive materials for use in actuators and sensors. Quantitative determination of short-range order is critical for a fundamental understanding of the correlation of thermal history with magnetostriction in these and other α-Fe based alloys. This paper presents quantitative assessments of short-range order (SRO) from the diffuse peaks in the high-resolution x-ray diffraction scan data of as-grown and high-temperature annealed Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals. The peak analyzed was the diffuse peak in the forbidden (100) peak region of the diffraction pattern of bcc Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals. The [001]-oriented Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals were obtained using the vertical Bridgman technique. To quantitatively assess SRO in these alloy single crystals, the x-ray scattering intensities obtained were converted to absolute intensity in electron scattering units. To do this, reference scans were performed on a fully dense polystyrene sample. A Python language based code was used for the analysis of short-range order, and the values for the SRO coefficients up to the seventh shell were determined. These values agree with the type of ordering indicated by (111) scans of these crystals.
Highlights
Magnetostrictive behavior refers to the reversible strain response of a material when a magnetic field is applied and reversible magnetization changes in the material on the application of stress.1 Use of materials with large magnetostrictive response in actuators for deploying antenna structures in space and other engineering systems, underwater sonar receivers and generators, wind and ocean energy harvesting systems, and nanopositioning systems and sensors for numerous other engineering applications make them an economically important class of materials
This paper presents quantitative assessments of short-range order (SRO) from the diffuse peaks in the high-resolution x-ray diffraction scan data of as-grown and high-temperature annealed Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals
−7.22 × 10−5 ordering are found between Bragg peaks, whereas if clustering of A and B atoms occurs, diffuse peaks appear under Bragg peaks, causing broadening
Summary
Magnetostrictive behavior refers to the reversible strain response of a material when a magnetic field is applied and reversible magnetization changes in the material on the application of stress. Use of materials with large magnetostrictive response in actuators for deploying antenna structures in space and other engineering systems, underwater sonar receivers and generators, wind and ocean energy harvesting systems, and nanopositioning systems and sensors for numerous other engineering applications make them an economically important class of materials. Due to the low cost, high magnetic moment, low saturation field, relatively good strength and ductility that could be obtained from the bcc terminal solid solution phase, and low sensitivity of magnetostriction to temperature that eliminates the need for cooling, these α-Fe-Ga alloys without rare-earth additions have become an attractive alternative to widely used (Tb0.7Dy0.3)Fe2 (Terfenol-D) and other rare-earth based magnetostrictive alloys. The correlation of SRO and LRO with magnetostriction requires a quantitative assessment of short- and long-range order in these alloys. This is a challenging task, which underscores the observation that there is no such work reported despite nearly two decades of work since the discovery of large magnetostriction in Fe–Ga alloys. This allows for better experimental verification of the SRO model developed for this work
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