Quantitative determination of dehydroepiandrosterone fatty acyl esters in human female adipose tissue and serum using mass spectrometric methods

Abstract

Dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters (DHEA-FAE) are naturally occurring water-insoluble metabolites of DHEA, which are transported in plasma exclusively by lipoproteins. To find out whether DHEA, like estradiol, might be stored in adipose tissue in FAE form, we set up a mass spectrometric method to quantify DHEA-FAE and free DHEA in human adipose tissue and serum. The method consists of chromatographic purification steps and final determination of hydrolyzed DHEA-FAE and free DHEA, which was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Our results showed that no detectable amounts of DHEA-FAE could be found in adipose tissue although 32–178 pmol/g of free DHEA were determined by GC–MS and LC–MS/MS. The DHEA-FAE concentrations in serum quantified by GC–MS were 1.4 ± 0.7 pmol/ml in premenopausal women ( n = 7), and 0.9 ± 0.4 pmol/ml in postmenopausal women ( n = 5). Correspondingly, the free DHEA concentrations were 15.2 ± 6.3 pmol/ml and 6.8 ± 3.0 pmol/ml. In addition, the mean proportions of DHEA-FAE of total DHEA (DHEA-FAE + free DHEA) in serum were 8.6% and 11.2% in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. Serum DHEA-FAE concentration was below quantification limit for LC–MS/MS (signal-to-noise ratio, S/ N = 10), while free DHEA concentrations varied between 5.8 and 23.2 pmol/ml. In conclusion, the proportion of DHEA-FAE of total DHEA in serum was approximately 9%. However, in contrast to our previous findings for estradiol fatty acid esters in adipose tissue which constituted about 80% of total estradiol (esterified + free), the proportion of DHEA-FAE of total DHEA was below 5%. Four to ten times higher concentrations of free DHEA were quantified in adipose tissue compared to those in serum.