Quantitative CT-assisted osteodensitometry of femoral adaptive bone remodelling after uncemented total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract

The aim of this prospective study was to measure bone density changes and to assess adaptive bone remodelling after uncemented total hip arthroplasty with a taper-design femoral component using quantitative computer-tomography-assisted osteodensitometry. This method is able to differentiate cortical and cancellous bone structures. Twenty-seven consecutive patients (29 hips) with degenerative joint disease were enrolled in the study. Serial clinical, radiological and CT-osteodensitometry assessments were performed after the index operation. At the 2-year follow-up, the clinical outcome was rated satisfactory in all hips. The radiological assessment showed signs of osteointegration and stable fixation of all cups and stems. We observed a -17% decrease of cortical bone density and -22% decrease of cancellous bone density in the greater trochanter and femoral neck region. Cortical and cancellous bone density decrease at the level of the lesser trochanter was -9% and respectively -4%. We observed small changes of cortical bone density in the diaphyseal regions; in contrast, cancellous bone density increased (range 6% to 27%) in the diaphyseal regions. Overall, a trend of bone density recovery was observed throughout the follow-up period. Periprosthetic bone density changes at the 2-year follow-up are suggestive of stable osteointegration with proximal femoral diaphysis load transfer and moderate metaphyseal stress-shielding.