Quantitative characteristics of structural changes in the myocardium of white rats during the modeling of adrenaline myocardiodystrophy and its pharmacological correction

Abstract

Pathology of the cardiovascular system is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. In anesthesiology practice, it is the most common comorbid condition that leads to perioperative complications and fatal outcomes. The aim of the study was to substantiate the cardioprotective properties of succinic acid, sodium oxybutyrate, and quercetin based on the study of the myocardial morphological structure in the correction of experimental cardiac pathology. The experiments were conducted on white rats, in which adrenaline-induced myocardial dystrophy was modeled. The correction was performed using succinic acid, sodium oxybutyrate, and quercetin. Morphological studies were conducted at 2 and 24 hours after correction. At 2 hours after adrenaline administration, pronounced venous and arterial congestion was observed in the myocardium. The lumen of vessels appeared dilated, and their walls appeared thinner. In animals that received corrective agents after adrenaline, a positive effect of their application was noted. Vascular congestion was significantly reduced. The arterial walls had normal thickness, and the internal elastic membranes were moderately tortuous. No significant changes were observed in cardiomyocytes. At 24 hours from the start of pathology modeling and its pharmacological correction, the changes in the myocardium of the animals were much more pronounced compared to those with a 2-hour exposure, although in animals treated with corrective agents, the changes were less pronounced than in untreated animals. Rats exposed only to adrenaline showed significant trophic disturbances in cardiomyocytes, which developed against the background of coronary circulation disorders, manifested as wall thickening and narrowing of arterial lumens. The veins were congested, and blood extravasation was observed in the interstitium. Perivascular spaces expanded due to edema. Cardiomyocytes exhibited dystrophic changes, including areas with clarified cytoplasm, often with its homogenization and karyolysis. Histological data were morphometrically confirmed by changes in the Wogenworth index and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios. The obtained results indicate the positive effect of the used corrective agents. Quercetin demonstrated slightly higher efficacy in this regard.