Quantitative Assessment of Percent Breast Density: Analog versus Digital Acquisition

Abstract

Breast density is a moderate risk factor for breast cancer based on quantitative measurement of percent breast density from film-screen mammograms. In this study, percent breast density was determined using computer-assisted interactive thresholding software from sixty consecutive mammograms of women undergoing digital screening mammography with a prior film-screen mammogram obtained within the last two years. Observations were made regarding discrepancies in density readings. Percent breast density was significantly lower for digital mammograms (mean 32.2%) compared to analog mammograms (mean 40.3%) (p<0.0001). This was not significant for women with less than 20% breast density (range +0.3 to -2.7%), but larger differences were seen with increasing density (12.5-14.9% lower for >50% density). Differences in density readings between analog and digital mammography were largely observed to be due to better recognition of the skin line on digital mammograms resulting in inclusion of more subcutaneous fat. Difficulties with appropriate recognition of subcutaneous breast tissue and fatty tissue near the chest wall were present for both analog and digital mammography. In conclusion, percent breast density is significantly lower when the mammogram is acquired in digital format compared to film-screen, largely due to better recognition of the skin line with resultant inclusion of more subcutaneous fat. Breast cancer risk predictions based on computerized assessment of breast density may be underestimated when applied to digital mammography.