Abstract
PurposeAn understanding of the development of the ilium’s primary ossification center may be useful in both determining the fetal stage and maturity, and for detecting congenital disorders. This study was performed to quantitatively examine the ilium’s primary ossification center with respect to its linear, planar and volumetric parameters.Materials and methodsUsing methods of CT, digital-image analysis and statistics, the size of the ilium’s primary ossification center in 42 spontaneously aborted human fetuses of crown–rump length (CRL) ranged from 130 to 265 mm (aged 18–30 weeks) was studied.ResultsWith no sex and laterality differences, the best fit growth dynamics for the ilium’s primary ossification center was modelled by the following functions: y = − 63.138 + 33.413 × ln(CRL) ± 1.609 for its vertical diameter, y = − 59.220 + 31.353 × ln(CRL) ± 1.736 for its transverse diameter, y = − 105.681 + 1.137 × CRL ± 16.035 for its projection surface area, and y = 478.588 + 4.035 × CRL ± 14.332 for its volume. The shape of the ilium’s primary ossification center did not change over the study period, because its transverse -to- vertical diameter ratio was stable at the level of 0.94 ± 0.07.ConclusionsThe size of the ilium’s primary ossification center displays neither sex nor laterality differences. The ilium’s primary ossification center grows logarithmically with respect to its vertical and transverse diameters, and linearly with respect to its projection surface area and volume. The shape of the ilium’s primary ossification center does not change throughout the examined period. The obtained quantitative data of the ilium’s primary ossification center is considered normative for respective prenatal weeks and may contribute to the prenatal ultrasound diagnostics of congenital defects.
Highlights
The coxal bone displays a key role in the diagnostics of developmental defects of the lower limb and skeletal dysplasias
It is noteworthy that skeletodysplasias refer to a large and heterogeneous group of genetic defects, in which defective osseous or cartilaginous structures result from their inappropriate growth, development and differentiation [7, 14, 15, 18, 25]
As a constituent of the hip joint, the ilium is a common subject of interest in numerous disciplines, such as anatomy, gynecology, obstetrics, sports medicine, manual therapy, biomechanics, anthropology and forensic medicine
Summary
The coxal bone displays a key role in the diagnostics of developmental defects of the lower limb and skeletal dysplasias. The overall incidence of skeletodysplasias is 1 case in 5000 live births that constitutes as many as 5% of children with congenital defects [10]. The timing of ossification of three constituents of the coxal bone is well. Poor existing knowledge of the quantification of the primary ossification center of the ilium necessitates an investigation in this field. This is the first report in the professional literature to concentrate on the morphometric analysis of the ilium’s primary ossification center in the human fetus
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