Quantitative analysis of vitamin D using m/MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on a parylene matrix chip

Joo-Yoon Noh,Moon-Ju Kim,Min-Jung Kang,Jae-Chul Pyun,Jong-Min Park,Tae Gyeong Yun

doi:10.1186/s40543-021-00313-2

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various disorders and is diagnosed based on the concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in serum. The parylene matrix chip was fabricated to reduce the matrix background noise, and the homogenous distribution of the matrix was retained for the quantitative analysis of 25(OH)D3. The Amplex Red assay was performed to confirm that the sample-matrix mixing zone of the parylene matrix chip was formed below the surface of the parylene-N film. The homogeneous distribution of the matrix was verified from the fluorescence image. For effective analysis using a parylene matrix chip, 25(OH)D3 was modified through the nucleophilic addition of betaine aldehyde (BA) to form a hemiacetal salt. Such modified 25(OH)D3 with a positive charge from BA could be effectively analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Serum 25(OH)D3 was extracted by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and quantified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on the parylene matrix chip. The intensity of the mass peak of 25(OH)D3 was linearly correlated (r2 = 0.992) with the concentration of 25(OH)D3 spiked in serum, and the LOD was 0.0056 pmol/μL. Energy drinks and vitamin D3 tablets were also employed for the real sample analysis. Finally, the results of the chemiluminescence binding assay and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were statistically analyzed to determine the applicability of the method using the Bland–Altman test and Passing–Bablok regression.

Highlights

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid prohormone, helps maintain calcium/phosphate homeostasis and is essential for bone and muscle metabolism (Ahn et al 2020; Fleet 2017; Smith et al 2020)
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on a parylene matrix chip was used for the quantitative analysis of 25(OH)D3
For 25(OH)D3 and 0.0056 pmol/μL for vitamin D3, with a cut-off value of 0.026 pmol/μL. These results indicate that 25(OH)D3 and vitamin D 3 in ethanol and serum could be quantitatively determined with high linearity using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on a parylene matrix chip

Summary

Introduction

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid prohormone, helps maintain calcium/phosphate homeostasis and is essential for bone and muscle metabolism (Ahn et al 2020; Fleet 2017; Smith et al 2020). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on the parylene matrix chip has been developed for the quantitative analysis of small molecules, which could remove the interfering mass peaks from the fragmented organic matrices in the low m/z range of less than 500 (Kim et al 2017b, 2014a, 2014b; Park et al 2017).

Results

Conclusion