Abstract
Barley cultivar Amulet was used to study the quantitative proteome changes through different drought conditions utilizing two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Plants were cultivated for 10 days under different drought conditions. To obtain control and differentially drought-treated plants, the soil water content was kept at 65, 35, and 30% of soil water capacity (SWC), respectively. Osmotic potential, water saturation deficit, 13C discrimination, and dehydrin accumulation were monitored during sampling of the crowns for proteome analysis. Analysis of the 2D-DIGE gels revealed 105 differentially abundant spots; most were differentially abundant between the controls and drought-treated plants, and 25 spots displayed changes between both drought conditions. Seventy-six protein spots were successfully identified by tandem mass spectrometry. The most frequent functional categories of the identified proteins can be put into the groups of: stress-associated proteins, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, as well as DNA and RNA regulation and processing. Their possible role in the response of barley to drought stress is discussed. Our study has shown that under drought conditions barley cv. Amulet decreased its growth and developmental rates, displayed a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, and exhibited increased levels of several protective proteins. Comparison of the two drought treatments revealed plant acclimation to milder drought (35% SWC); but plant damage under more severe drought treatment (30% SWC). The results obtained revealed that cv. Amulet is sensitive to drought stress. Additionally, four spots revealing a continuous and significant increase with decreasing SWC (UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, and two non-identified) could be good candidates for testing of their protein phenotyping capacity together with proteins that were significantly distinguished in both drought treatments.
Highlights
Drought, which significantly reduces agricultural production, represents the most severe abiotic stress worldwide
Drought led to an increase in Water Saturation Deficit (WSD) and a decrease in Osmotic Potential (OP), with D2 leading to higher dehydration than D1
Regarding dehydrin DHN5 relative accumulation and 13C, there was a significant increase in DHN5 and a significant decrease in 13C upon drought with respect to the control; there were no significant differences between the two drought treatments
Summary
Drought, which significantly reduces agricultural production, represents the most severe abiotic stress worldwide. Drought induces several processes in plant cells including: increased levels of abscisic acid, the levels of some metabolites such as proline, induction of stress-regulated genes, and changes in the activity of some proteins (Kosová et al, 2011). In our previous studies, the accumulation of dehydrins was used to correlate cereal genotypes with different tolerance levels to abiotic stresses (Vítámvás et al, 2007, 2010; Ganeshan et al, 2008; Kosová et al, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013; Vítámvás and Prášil, 2008; Holková et al, 2009). The resulting level of abiotic stress tolerance depends on components of plant stress response other than dehydrin accumulation; detailed knowledge about the stress-dependent proteome changes is necessary
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