Abstract
BackgroundThis study advances a measurement approach for the study of organizational culture in population-based occupational health research, and tests how different organizational culture types are associated with psychological distress, depression, emotional exhaustion, and well-being.MethodsData were collected over a sample of 1,164 employees nested in 30 workplaces. Employees completed the 26-item OCP instrument. Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire (12-item); depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (21-item); and emotional exhaustion with five items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory general survey. Exploratory factor analysis evaluated the dimensionality of the OCP scale. Multilevel regression models estimated workplace-level variations, and the contribution of organizational culture factors to mental health and well-being after controlling for gender, age, and living with a partner.ResultsExploratory factor analysis of OCP items revealed four factors explaining about 75% of the variance, and supported the structure of the Competing Values Framework. Factors were labeled Group, Hierarchical, Rational and Developmental. Cronbach’s alphas were high (0.82-0.89). Multilevel regression analysis suggested that the four culture types varied significantly between workplaces, and correlated with mental health and well-being outcomes. The Group culture type best distinguished between workplaces and had the strongest associations with the outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides strong support for the use of the OCP scale for measuring organizational culture in population-based occupational health research in a way that is consistent with the Competing Values Framework. The Group organizational culture needs to be considered as a relevant factor in occupational health studies.
Highlights
This study advances a measurement approach for the study of organizational culture in populationbased occupational health research, and tests how different organizational culture types are associated with psychological distress, depression, emotional exhaustion, and well-being
The development of a questionnaire measure for the study of organizational culture in population-based occupational health research would offer a means for the advancement of such models
Mental health and well-being Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) short-form, 12-item scale [55], and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 21-item scale [56]
Summary
This study advances a measurement approach for the study of organizational culture in populationbased occupational health research, and tests how different organizational culture types are associated with psychological distress, depression, emotional exhaustion, and well-being. The expansion of occupational health research to better account for a broader set of contextual factors that are associated with occupational stress and strain remains a significant challenge Scholars in this field are paying more attention to workplace-level factors, but with an almost exclusive focus on specific psychosocial safety climate variables [1,2]. Notwithstanding such recent advances in the area of macro-organizational influences, the bulk of work stress research remains focused on task-level factors like psychological demands and job control [3], or effort and rewards [4].
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