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Abstract
Marine species have evolved a variety of physical or chemical strategies to diminish damage from elevated environmental ultraviolet radiation. Mycosporine-like amino acids, a group of widely distributed small water soluble compounds, are biologically relevant because of their photo-protective potential. In addition, presumed antioxidant and skin protective strategies raise the interest for possible medicinal and cosmetic applications. In this study the first CE method for the quantification of mycosporine-like amino acids in marine species is presented. A borate buffer system consisting of 30mM sodium tetraborate in water at a pH-value of 10.3 enabled the baseline separation of five MAAs, namely palythine, mycosporine-serinol, asterina-330, shinorine and porphyra-334, in 27min. Separation voltage, temperature and detection wavelength were 25kV, 25°C and 320nm, respectively. The optimized method was fully validated and applied for the quantitative determination of MAAs in the marine macroalgae Palmaria palmata, Porphyra umbilicalis, and Porphyra sp., as well as the lichen Lichina pygmaea.
Highlights
The stratospheric ozone layer offers substantial protection to all living organisms by absorbing high doses of harmful solar ultraviolet radiation
Precursors represent one of the most relevant compounds in this respect [7,8]. They have predominantly been isolated from algae and cyanobacteria, and due to their high molar absorption coefficients up to 50,000 M−1 cm−1 as well as antioxidative properties they serve as microbial sunscreens [9,10]
Based on the fact that no literature was available for the separation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by capillary electrophoresis several electrolyte systems were initially tested including acetate, phosphate, Tris and borate buffers
Summary
The stratospheric ozone layer offers substantial protection to all living organisms by absorbing high doses of harmful solar ultraviolet radiation This effective shield has been depleted for decades due to the use of so-called greenhouse gases, various industrial halogenated chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons that unintentionally reacted with ozone [1,2]. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and their precursors represent one of the most relevant compounds in this respect [7,8]. They have predominantly been isolated from algae and cyanobacteria, and due to their high molar absorption coefficients up to 50,000 M−1 cm−1 as well as antioxidative properties they serve as microbial sunscreens [9,10]. In this study the overall first separation of MAAs by CE is presented
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