Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often constitutively stimulated in many cancers owing to the binding of ligands such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the interaction between EGFR and its targeting biomolecules. The main aim of this study was to estimate the binding affinity and adhesion force of two targeting molecules, anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb LA1) and the peptide GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI), with respect to EGFR and to compare these values with those obtained for the ligand, EGF. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to determine the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for evaluating the binding affinity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was performed to estimate the adhesion force. In the case of EGFR, the KD of EGF, GE11, and mAb LA1 were 1.77 × 10−7, 4.59 × 10−4 and 2.07 × 10−9, respectively, indicating that the binding affinity of mAb LA1 to EGFR was higher than that of EGF, while the binding affinity of GE11 to EGFR was the lowest among the three molecules. The adhesion force between EGFR and mAb LA1 was 210.99 pN, which is higher than that observed for EGF (209.41 pN), while the adhesion force between GE11 and EGFR was the lowest (59.51 pN). These results suggest that mAb LA1 binds to EGFR with higher binding affinity than EGF and GE11. Moreover, the adhesion force between mAb LA1 and EGFR was greater than that observed for EGF and GE11. The SPR and AFM experiments confirmed the interaction between the receptor and targeting molecules. The results of this study might aid the screening of ligands for receptor targeting and drug delivery.
Highlights
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand, epidermal growth factor (EGF), are overexpressed in many malignancies, including cancers of the head and neck, breast, kidney, lung, colon, ovary, prostate, brain and spine, pancreas, and bladder [1]
We used Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to monitor the change in resonance units (RUs), i.e. change in the refractive index of the chip, at every second
EGFR was immobilized on the chip via the free primary amine groups
Summary
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand, epidermal growth factor (EGF), are overexpressed in many malignancies, including cancers of the head and neck, breast, kidney, lung, colon, ovary, prostate, brain and spine, pancreas, and bladder [1]. EGFR is activated when a ligand such as EGF binds to its extracellular domain and induces conformational. A Platform for Screening Targeting Molecules changes. These changes cause the EGFR to form homodimers or heterodimers with other receptors [2]. This leads to the activation of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and the autophosphorylation of its C-terminal tyrosine residues. Several EGFR inhibitors that block ligand binding have been developed These inhibitors have been shown to arrest cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells [5]. Identifying the ligand-receptor interactions will aid in the design of optimal targeting molecules and drugs for cancer therapy
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