Abstract
In fluid mechanics, drag related problems aim to reduce fuel consumption. This paper is intended to provide guidance for drag reduction applications on cars. The review covers papers from the beginning of 2000 to April 2020 related to drag reduction research for ground vehicles. Research papers were collected from the library of Science Direct, Web of Science, and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Achieved drag reductions of each research paper was collected and evaluated. The assessed research papers attained their results by wind tunnel measurements or calculating validated numerical models. The study mainly focuses on hatchback and notchback shaped ground vehicle drag reduction methods, such as active and passive systems. Quantitative analysis was made for the drag reduction methods where relative and absolute drag changes were used for evaluations.
Highlights
In the field of fluid mechanics, drag related problems are fascinating to examine
Quantitative analysis made for drag reduction methods, where relative, and absolute drag change was used for evaluations
Drag reduction methods were divided into three main categories: active, shape, and topology
Summary
In the field of fluid mechanics, drag related problems are fascinating to examine. Drag related problems were first examined in the aeronautical industry after the automotive industry realised that it could affect fuel consumption reduction. Drag related problems are specific due to external effects, such as road inclination and wind. The examined velocity regime is tighter than the airplanes because the speed is limited to 50–130 km h−1. This limit gives us several more simplifications, as the air can be incompressible and isothermal due to low velocity. Road vehicles suffer more from pressure drag compared to airplanes and ships, where skin friction is more relevant
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