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Abstract
The advantages of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis are its non-destructive nature, reliability, fast and easy sample preparation, and low costs. XRPD analysis has been used for mineral identification and the quantitative/qualitative determination of various types of fibrous minerals in asbestos-containing materials (ACMs). In order to test the detection limit of ACMs by XRPDD, standard samples with various concentrations of ACMs (0.1%, 1%, and 3%) were fabricated using three matrix materials (talc, vermiculite, and sepiolite). Asbestiform tremolite and chrysotile were identified in the XRPD profiles of the samples with 1% and 3% ACMs. Their integral intensities were positively correlated with the concentrations. However, the XRPD peak of asbestos was not found in the samples with 0.1% ACMs. Therefore, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to investigate the samples with a very low concentration of ACMs. Although the ACM concentration (0.1%) was negligible and its direct observation was time-consuming, electron microscopy allowed for the detection of asbestos in several matrix materials. Thus, a combination of XRPD and electron microscopy improve analytical performance and data reliability.
Highlights
Fibrous materials have been an important part of global industries over the last several decades [1].Asbestos is an industrial term that covers six minerals: chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, asbestiform anthophyllite, asbestiform actinolite, and asbestiform tremolite [2,3,4,5]
Additional methods should be used for the detection of trace asbestos in industrial products such as cement, friction materials, and other similar products [1]
This study study provides provides reliable reliable and and simple simple techniques techniques for the identification identification of of trace trace amounts amounts of of asbestos in several matrix materials and suggests a new analytical approach
Summary
Asbestos is an industrial term that covers six minerals: chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, asbestiform anthophyllite, asbestiform actinolite, and asbestiform tremolite [2,3,4,5]. It has several advantages over man-made materials, such as its mechanical strength, resistance to heat and chemicals, durability, and sound absorption effects [6,7]. Chrysotile is the most common fibrous serpentine and constitutes over 90% of asbestos used globally [1]. Asbestos and elongate mineral particles can cause asbestosis, pleural abnormalities, bronchogenic carcinomas, and mesothelioma [11,12,13]. According to a previous study, nano-size airborne particles with a mean diameter of less than 100 nm are much more toxic than expected and can cause serious health problems, including chronic bronchitis, asthma complications, respiratory tract infections, and stroke [13,15,16,17]
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