Abstract
A quantitative method to measure the reduction in oxide species on the surface of electrochemically etched tungsten tips during direct current annealing is developed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Oxide species are found to decrease with annealing current, with the trend repeatable over many tips and along the length of the tip apex. A linear resistivity approximation finds significant oxide sublimation occurs at 1714 K, but surface melting and tip broadening at 2215 K. This method can be applied to calibrate any similar annealing stage, and to identify the tradeoff regime between required morphological and chemical properties.
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