Quantitation and optimization of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in emulsion prototype with reversed-phase chromatography

M Rohmah,S.M Jannah,A Rahmadi,I Yanti,U Supratman,Bohari Bohari

doi:10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).518

Abstract

Emulsion products that are rich in pro-vitamin A, vitamin E and antioxidants have been successfully formulated from red palm oil (FO-MSM), pumpkin (SLK), and dragon fruit (SBN). This study was aimed to determine the concentrations of β-carotene and αtocopherol in the prototype products of FO-MSM, SLK, and SBN by reverse phase chromatography and to determine the optimal deodorization time for FO-MSM on βcarotene and α-tocopherol levels. Optimal conditions for analysis of samples was with the mobile phase methyl dichloride: methanol: acetonitrile (2: 1: 3). The injection volume was 10 μL for β-carotene and 20 μL for α-tocopherol. Isocratic elution was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at room temperature (25±2°C). The mobile phase was first eliminated for 45 mins. The β-carotene and α-tocopherol peaks were identified by matching the peak retention times (Rt) of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in the sample with the standard Rt of β-carotene and α-tocopherol. The reverse-phase chromatography successfully determined β-carotene and α-tocopherol in prototype products of FO-MSM, SLK, and SBN. The developed emulsion prototype had 2044.5±196.1 ppm of β-carotene and 38.8±0.4 ppm of α-tocopherol. The content of β-carotene in the developed emulsion prototype was more than tenfold increase from the original prototype without sacrificing the product's taste. β-carotene showed no significant difference in reducing the deodorization time from 5 hrs to 1 hr, while the 2.5-fold increase of the α-tocopherol content was observed. Therefore, the optimal deodorization time for FO-MSM was determined based on the value of α-tocopherol and not by β-carotene. RP-18 was successfully used to determine β-carotene and α-tocopherol in FO-MSM, SLK, and SBN emulsion prototype products

Highlights

Emulsion products rich in pro-vitamin A, vitamin E, and antioxidants have been successfully formulated from local raw materials, namely red palm oil, the flesh of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), and the flesh of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis)
Most of the α-tocopherol from FO-MSM was suspected to be degraded during deodorization. In light of this hypothesis, the optimal deodorization time for FO-MSM was determined based on the value of α-tocopherol
Our observation found that α-tocopherol compound has lesser stability than β-carotene during heating, the duration of deodorization is a crucial factor in α-tocopherol loss in the formula's olein fraction (Figure 5)

Summary

Introduction

Emulsion products rich in pro-vitamin A, vitamin E, and antioxidants have been successfully formulated from local raw materials, namely red palm oil, the flesh of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), and the flesh of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). Carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols were the main feature of the olein fraction of red palm oil (FO-MSM) that are beneficial to humans' growth and reduce the risk of degenerative diseases (Catanzaro et al, 2016; Musa et al, 2017). Yellow pumpkin juice (SLK) is a recognized carotenoid source that contains lutein and cucurbitaxanthin, and β-carotene (Matsuno et al, 1986). Β-carotene, lutein, and xanthins are the characteristics of carotenoid-based functional food emulsions formulated. New formulas were developed to address the offtaste of FO-MSM and the earthy-greeny flavor of the yellow pumpkin. Dragon fruit juice (SBN) successfully masked the off-taste (Rahmadi et al, 2017).

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