Quantifying Volume Change in Porous Electrodes Via the Multi-Species, Multi-Reaction Model

Abstract

Automotive manufacturers are working to improve individual cell and overall pack design by increasing their performance, durability, and range, while reducing cost; and active material volume change is one of the more complex aspects that needs to be considered during this process. As the time from initial design to manufacture of electric vehicles is decreased, design work that used to rely solely on testing needs to be supplemented or replaced by virtual methods. As electrochemical engineers drive battery and system design using model-based methods, the need for coupled electrochemical/mechanical models that take into account the active material change utilizing physics based or semi-empirical approaches is necessary[1-8]. In this study, we illustrated the applicability of a mechano-electrochemical coupled modeling method considering the multi-species, multi-reaction model as popularized by Verbrugge[9-14] and Baker. To do this, validation tests were conducted using a computer-controlled press apparatus that can control the press displacement and press force with precision. The coupled MSMR volume change model was developed and its applicability to graphite and NMC cells was illustrated. The increased accuracy of the model considering the coupled MSMR volume change approach shows in the importance of accounting for individual gallery volume change behavior on cell level predictions. References T. R. Garrick, K. Kanneganti, X. Huang and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 161, E3297 (2014).T. R. Garrick, Y. Dai, K. Higa, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, Ecs Transactions, 72, 11 (2016).T. R. Garrick, K. Higa, S.-L. Wu, Y. Dai, X. Huang, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 164, E3592 (2017).T. R. Garrick, X. Huang, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 164, E3552 (2017).D. J. Pereira, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, J Electrochem Soc, 166, A1251 (2019).D. J. Pereira, M. A. Fernandez, K. C. Streng, X. X. Hou, X. Gao, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, J Electrochem Soc, 167, 080515 (2020).T. R. Garrick, J. Gao, X. Yang and B. Koch, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2021).D. J. Pereira, A. M. Aleman, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, J Electrochem Soc, 169, 020577 (2022).M. Verbrugge, D. Baker and X. Xiao, J Electrochem Soc, 163, A262 (2016).M. Verbrugge, D. Baker, B. Koch, X. Xiao and W. Gu, J Electrochem Soc, 164, E3243 (2017).D. R. Baker and M. W. Verbrugge, J Electrochem Soc, 165, A3952 (2018).D. R. Baker and M. W. Verbrugge, J Electrochem Soc, 167, 013504 (2019).D. R. Baker, M. W. Verbrugge and W. Gu, J Electrochem Soc, 166, A521 (2019).M. W. Verbrugge, X. Xiao and D. R. Baker, J Electrochem Soc, 167, 080523 (2020).