Abstract
The ray-based Blind Deconvolution (RBD) can estimate the relative arrival-times of the channel impulse responses (CIRs) between a shipping source (acting as a shallow source of opportunity) and a remote receiver array (e.g., a short bottom-mounted vertical line array (VLA)) [Durofchalk & Sabra, JASA Vol. 147(3), p. 1927–1938, 2020]. Previous RBD studies primarily estimate the phase of the unknown source by using beamforming on the (most energetic) direct path, which is only observable at short ranges for a shipping source in typical downward refracting environments. Alternatively, when dealing with long range sources of opportunity and only bottom-interacting multipath arrivals can reach the VLA (i.e., exceeding the range when the direct path is observable), the general performance of the RBD algorithm remains to be evaluated. In this study, numerical simulations and experimental validation (using short bottom mounted VLAs) are used in conjunction to investigate the maximal detection range of shipping sources of opportunity per multipath arrivals as a function of frequency, Doppler effect and anisotropy of the shipping source, and the implications for the accuracy of the relative arrival time of the CIR estimated with RBD.
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