Abstract
Climate change and variability, soil types and soil characteristics, animal and microbial communities, and photosynthetic plants are the major components of the ecosystem that affect carbon sequestration potential of any location. This study used NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 4 carbon products, gross primary productivity (GPP), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to quantify their spatial and temporal variabilities for selected terrestrial ecosystems across Texas during the 2015–2018 study period. These SMAP carbon products are available at 9 km spatial resolution on a daily basis. The ten selected SMAP grids are located in seven climate zones and dominated by five major land uses (developed, crop, forest, pasture, and shrub). Results showed CO2 emissions and uptake were affected by land-use and climatic conditions across Texas. It was also observed that climatic conditions had more impact on CO2 emissions and uptake than land-use in this state. On average, South Central Plains and East Central Texas Plains ecoregions of East Texas and Western Gulf Coastal Plain ecoregion of Upper Coast climate zones showed higher GPP flux and potential carbon emissions and uptake than other climate zones across the state, whereas shrubland on the Trans Pecos climate zone showed lower GPP flux and carbon emissions/uptake. Comparison of GPP and NEE distribution maps between 2015 and 2018 confirmed substantial changes in carbon emissions and uptake across Texas. These results suggest that SMAP carbon products can be used to study the terrestrial carbon cycle at regional to global scales. Overall, this study helps to understand the impacts of climate, land-use, and ecosystem dynamics on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Highlights
Global warming and climate change continue to be a subject of global interest
root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.42 g C m−2 d−1 and 32.1 g C m−2 mo−1, respectively, for daily and monthly net ecosystem exchange (NEE) values can generally be considered good, but are higher than the estimated uncertainty threshold which is mainly due to the land-use heterogeneity at this location
It is important to understand the changes in gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) under changing climate and land-use change
Summary
Global warming and climate change continue to be a subject of global interest. Climate change has and will continue to impact terrestrial ecosystems [1]. Feedbacks from the terrestrial ecosystems will affect future climate change. There are several climate change mitigation methods that are being developed and evaluated. One of these methods is soil carbon sequestration, which attenuates climate change by acting as a carbon sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions [2]. It is important to understand the carbon emissions and uptake dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems to study carbon sequestration potentials under changing climate [3]
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