Quantifying the Impact: Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease Attributable to Kidney Dysfunction in the United States Over last Three Decades

Abstract

Background: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains the primary cause of death and disability in the United States. Among various risk factors, the role of Kidney Dysfunction (KD) in exacerbating IHD has not been fully explored, particularly on a state-by-state basis. This study seeks to delineate the consistent burden of IHD attributable to KD throughout the U.S from 1990 to 2019.Method: We estimated the deaths, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) by age, sex, year, and location across the U.S. These were quantified in absolute numbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 people.Results: The study found significant increases in the annual percentage change (APC) from 2010-2019: deaths rose by 17% (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 14-20%), DALYs by 18% (15-22%), and YLDs by 21% (16-27%). State-specific increases in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were highest in Vermont at 5%, followed by New Mexico at 3%. Conversely, the District of Columbia saw a significant decrease of 16%. Vermont also showed the largest rise in DALY rates at 7%, and Florida in YLD rates at 3%. The age group of 90-94 years exhibited the highest number of deaths, while the 75-79 age group showed the greatest DALYs in 2019. Men consistently bore a heavier burden than women, with significant differences in APC across deaths, DALYs, and YLDs from 2010-2019.Conclusion: IHD due to KD accounted for 16.67% of all IHD deaths in 2019, with older adults and men experiencing a markedly increased burden. These findings underscore the need for integrated care approaches and strong health policies to effectively manage the interplay between these serious health conditions.