Quantifying the contribution of bank erosion to a suspended sediment budget using boat‐mounted LiDAR and high‐frequency suspended sediment monitoring

Abstract

AbstractUnderstanding the physical processes as well as the hydrological and morphological factors that influence channel bank erosion is important for river restoration and the management of the floodplain and associated ecosystems. In this study, we introduced an innovative approach to quantify river bank erosion and its contribution to a reach fine sediment budget by combining repeat bank erosion surveys using a jetboat‐mounted LiDAR scanner with concurrent high‐frequency suspended sediment load measurements into and out of the surveyed reach. Using this information, we established a sediment budget for a 5.5‐km‐long study reach of the lower Ōreti River, Southland, New Zealand. A total of three surveys were conducted along the study reach to understand changes in the bank erosion contribution to suspended sediment load at different time scales. The first two surveys were separated by a short period of 8 weeks, and the third survey followed 2.5 years later. The measured volumes of fine sediment rendered from bank erosion equated to 25% and 29% of the measured outflowing suspended load over these two inter‐survey epochs, respectively. By comparison, the net contribution of measured bank erosion and derived fine sediment deposition on the riverbed to the outflowing suspended load was 12% over the first, shorter epoch and 25% for the second, 2.5‐year epoch. These results highlight the important role of in‐channel sediment deposition in the variability of net suspended sediment exports from channel reaches experiencing bank erosion. The approach used in this study has a unique capability to accurately monitor bank erosion and obtain high‐resolution topography data capturing changes in river banks over different time periods.