Quantifying soil salinity in areas invaded by Tamarix spp.

Abstract

Elevated soil salinity is often associated with Tamarix invasion; however, it's unclear whether soils are more saline because of Tamarix or other environmental factors. Surface soil salinity was investigated along a flow-regulated, arid river with dense Tamarix of varying age to determine which factors best explain soil salinity. Flooding was the most important predictor, reducing salinity by nearly 70%. Soils under Tamarix had lower salinity than adjacent areas without woody cover in non-flooded areas suggesting that evaporation in arid environments may contribute more surface salts than Tamarix or may exacerbate plant inputs. Under most conditions, higher salinities were found under Tamarix than natives. An exception to this pattern was that soils under the smallest trees were more saline for natives. Relationships between soil salinity and stem size suggest that salts increase over time under Tamarix unless they are removed by flooding. However, the most mature stands had lower salinity than expected, reflecting some additional mechanism. Soil texture and distance from the river were important, but interacted strongly with other factors. The observed relationships between surface soil salinity and Tamarix stem size, a predictor of aboveground age, suggest Tamarix plays an active role in floodplain salinization within the sampled area.