Quantifying shrinkage cracking in fiber reinforced concrete using the ring test

Abstract

Tensile stress can develop in concrete when rest raint prevents the concrete from shrinking freely in response to drying, chemical reaction, or temperature reduction. When these tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of the concrete, visible cracking may be expected to occur. While several test methods have been developed to assess a material's potential for early-age shrinkage cracking, this paper describes the use of the ‘ring-test’ for assessing the performance of a fiber reinforced concrete. An equation is presented that enables the residual stress that develops in the concrete ring specimen to be estimated. This expression is used to approximate the stress that is transferred across a crack. It is shown that for conventional fiber reinforced concrete (i.e., the mixtures described in this paper) the pre-peak mechanical properties (elastic modulus, splitting tensile strength and free shrinkage) are not influenced greatly by the addition of fibers. Rather, fibers appear to influence shrinkage-cracking behavior only after the crack begins to open. To better understand the role of fibers in mitigating early-age shrinkage cracking passive acoustic emission testing was used. Acoustic emission measurements indicate microcracking due to the heterogenous nature of the concrete and the presence of moisture gradients. The acoustic emission results highlight how a single crack begins to form into a visible crack. Finally, an approach is presented for estimating crack-width based on the strain data measured from the ring test. The role of the specimen geometry is discussed for comparing the ring test with field applications.