Quantifying Religion: Toward Building More Effective Ways of Measuring Religious Influence on State-Level Behavior

Abstract

• JONATHAN FOX (B.A., Washington University; M.A., Ph.D., University of Maryland) is a lecturer in the political studies department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. He is author of Ethnoreligious Conflict in the Late Twentieth Century: A General Theory. His articles have appeared in Alternatives, Australian Journal of Political Science, British Jour nal of Political Science, Civil Wars, Ethnicities, International Political Science Review, Mid dle East Quarterly, and Review of International Affairs, among others. Special interests include the influence of religion on conflict, separation of church and state, and the quanti tative testing of Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations theory. SHMUEL SANDLER (B.A., Haifa University; M.A., The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ph.D., The Johns Hop kins University) is The Sara and Simha Lainer Professor in Democracy and Civility, political science department, Bar-Ilan University. He is author of The Arab Israeli Conflict Trans formed, Fifty Years of Interstate and Ethnic Crises. His articles have appeared in Journal of Peace Research, Survival, Review of International Studies, Middle Eastern Studies, and Ter rorism and Political Violence, among others. Special interests include international and com parative politics, ethnic and religious politics, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. We would like to thank the Israel Science Foundation for a generous grant which has made this research possible. We would also like to thank Robert Barro, Eliezer Don-Yehiya, Ted R. Gurr, Pat James, Rachel McCleary, Shlomo Shpira, and Bernard Susser, all of whom provided useful comments and criticisms at some point in this project. All remaining errors of fact or inter pretation remain ours alone.