Abstract
A quantum channel is covariant with respect to a group if it commutes with the action of the group. In general, a quantum channel may not be covariant with respect to a given group. The degree of noncovariance can vary between different channels, and it is desirable to have a quantitative characterization for the degree of channel noncovariance. In this work, we propose a measure based on the Hilbert-Schmidt norm to quantify noncovariance of quantum channels with respect to a group and demonstrate that it satisfies several desirable properties. Compared with the existing measures of channel noncovariance, our measure applies to not only compact Lie groups but also finite groups, and it is easy to evaluate. Using this measure and its modified version together with two existing measures, we evaluate and analyze channel noncovariance through an example, finding that these measures of channel noncovariance are closely related but differ from each other. They capture different perspectives of noncovariance of quantum channels. As applications, we provide a relation between channel noncovariance and approximate quantum error correction using our measures of channel noncovariance.
Published Version
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