Abstract
A non-destructive, multi-elemental analytical method using energy dispersive x-ray flourescence (EDXRF) spectrometry was developed for the quantification of enamel-manganese (MnE) for comparison to dietary and tap water intakes of Mn, as well as children's height, Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test scores and Santa Ana (SA) dexterity test scores. Using the novel analytical method, enamel-iron (FeE), copper (CuE), zinc (ZnE) and lead (PbE) were also quantified and correlated to one another and to children's height, IQ test scores and SA dexterity test scores. Significant positive correlations were observed between all essential trace elements in surface enamel (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn). MnE was found to have a weak correlation with estimated dietary intake of Mn (p<0.01). No significant correlations were found between oral ingestion of Fe and FeE. Metals concentrations were observed to be highest in incisor enamel for all elements except zinc.
Highlights
“If one went to see Windsor-Castle, or Hampton-Court, it would be strange not to observe and remember the Situation, the Building, the Gardens, Fountains, &c. that make up the Beauty and Pleasure of such a Seat? And yet few People know themselves; No, not their own Bodies, the Houses of their Minds, the most curious Structure of the World; a living walking Tabernacle: Nor the World of which it was made, and out of which it is fed; which would be so much our Benefit, as well as our Pleasure, to know.”
The second model is used by the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) for exposure to lead radioisotopes and is based on the model given by Legget and colleagues [88, 89]
It is worth noting that homeostatic changes in mitochondrial function and associated trace metals concentrations are normal in old age; the dyshomeostasis that was observed was between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients and age- and sexmatched control groups [141]
Summary
A Kruskalxvii xviii “If one went to see Windsor-Castle, or Hampton-Court, it would be strange not to observe and remember the Situation, the Building, the Gardens, Fountains, &c. that make up the Beauty and Pleasure of such a Seat? And yet few People know themselves; No, not their own Bodies, the Houses of their Minds, the most curious Structure of the World; a living walking Tabernacle: Nor the World of which it was made, and out of which it is fed; which would be so much our Benefit, as well as our Pleasure, to know.”
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