Abstract
Photo-nuclear interactions are relevant in many research fields of both fundamental and applied physics and, for this reason, accurate Monte Carlo simulations of photo-nuclear interactions can provide a valuable and indispensable support in a wide range of applications (i.e from the optimisation of photo-neutron source target to the dosimetric estimation in high energy accelerator, etc). Unfortunately, few experimental photo-nuclear data are available above 100 MeV, so that, in the high energy range (from hundreds of MeV up to GeV scale), the code predictions are based on physical models. The aim of this work is to compare the predictions of relevant observables involving photon-nuclear interaction modelling, obtained with GEANT4 and FLUKA , to experimental data (if available), in order to assess the code estimation reliability, over a wide energy range. In particular, the comparison of the estimated photo-neutron yields and energy spectra with the experimental results of the n@BTF experiment (carried out at the Beam Test Facility of DaΦne collider, in Frascati, Italy) is here reported and discussed. Moreover, the preliminary results of the comparison of the cross sections used in the codes with the“evaluated’ data recommended by the IAEA are also presented for some selected cases (W, Pb, Zn).
Highlights
IntroductionSecond level: different reconstruction of the secondary final state (energy spectra, angular distribution, etc)
As first step, the investigative analysis foresees to compare the cross sections used in the specified codes with the IAEA recommended photonuclear cross sections[3], mainly focusing on selected materials, widely used in high energy accelerator context
The IAEA cross sections have been chosen as reference term for the comparison, since this data collection has been obtained by an accurate selection of the worldwide experimental measurements, in order to provide the scientific community with a “recommended" and “selected" evaluated photonuclear data
Summary
Second level: different reconstruction of the secondary final state (energy spectra, angular distribution, etc). Several simulations have been performed (with GEANT4 and FLUKA) to analyse the results obtained respectively with 510 MeV mono-energetic gammas as primary beam and comparing the results with the photoneutrons estimated with 510 MeV primary electrons The results of these simulations allow to conclude that no significant difference is related to the electromagnetic conversion from high energy electrons to photons, since, in both cases, the photo-neutron yield predicted by GEANT4 underestimates of the same amount the value predicted by FLUKA, as documented in Table 3 and 4. Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR): 7 < E < 30MeV For each of these four models, two algorithms have been implemented to provide the value of the total interaction cross sections as a function of photon energy and target nucleus, and the initial energy and momentum transfer between the photon and one or more particles inside the nucleus.
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