Quantification of the Total Amount of Artemisinin in Leaf Samples by Thin Layer Chromatography

Abstract

Artemisinin is a natural molecule highly active against malaria. At present, the extraction of this molecule from the leaves of Artemisia annua L. remains the only viable method to produce cheaply large quantities of artemisinin. Agronomic research on this plant species aims to improve agricultural yields, to decrease production costs and to ensure a steady global supply of artemisinin. These research activities require an easy, rapid, low cost, and reliable analytical technique to quantify the artemisinin content in the leaves. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods to quantify this molecule have already been published. However, this method does not allow the quantification of the total artemisinin content in the leaves. In order to validate the TLC method, results obtained with this method were related to results for the same samples obtained by accelerated solvent extraction and high pressure liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector (ASE-HPLC-ELSD). Using the Nernst partition law, a corrective factor of 1.21 is suggested to enable information about the true total amount of artemisinin in leaf samples to be obtained within a range of 0.25 to 3%. In conclusion, this study proposes for the first time a corrective factor in order to quantify the total artemisinin content of A. annua leaves with TLC.