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Abstract
Two SD-OCT systems and a dual channel accommodation target were combined and precisely synchronized to simultaneously image the anterior segment and the ciliary muscle during dynamic accommodation. The imaging system simultaneously generates two synchronized OCT image sequences of the anterior segment and ciliary muscle with an imaging speed of 13 frames per second. The system was used to acquire OCT image sequences of a non-presbyopic and a pre-presbyopic subject accommodating in response to step changes in vergence. The image sequences were processed to extract dynamic morphological data from the crystalline lens and the ciliary muscle. The synchronization between the OCT systems allowed the precise correlation of anatomical changes occurring in the crystalline lens and ciliary muscle at identical time points during accommodation. To describe the dynamic interaction between the crystalline lens and ciliary muscle, we introduce accommodation state diagrams that display the relation between anatomical changes occurring in the accommodating crystalline lens and ciliary muscle.
Highlights
A better understanding of the biomechanics of the ageing accommodative apparatus is necessary to guide the development of new approaches aimed at restoring the ability to accommodate in presbyopes [1,2]
The crystalline lens and/or the ciliary muscle have been imaged at static accommodation states using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [4,5,6,7,8], ultrasound [9,10,11], Scheimpflug imaging [12,13,14,15,16,17,18] and transscleral imaging with commercial time-domain (TD) OCT systems operating at wavelengths around 1300 nm [19,20,21,22,23,24]
The lack of precise synchronization combined with the moderate acquisition speed (~7-8 frames per second) of their systems limits the ability to accurately and precisely characterize the mutual temporal relationship between the dynamic changes occurring in the ciliary muscle and the resulting changes in the crystalline lens
Summary
A better understanding of the biomechanics of the ageing accommodative apparatus is necessary to guide the development of new approaches aimed at restoring the ability to accommodate in presbyopes [1,2]. The crystalline lens and/or the ciliary muscle have been imaged at static accommodation states using MRI [4,5,6,7,8], ultrasound [9,10,11], Scheimpflug imaging [12,13,14,15,16,17,18] and transscleral imaging with commercial time-domain (TD) OCT systems operating at wavelengths around 1300 nm [19,20,21,22,23,24]. The lack of precise synchronization combined with the moderate acquisition speed (~7-8 frames per second) of their systems limits the ability to accurately and precisely characterize the mutual temporal relationship between the dynamic changes occurring in the ciliary muscle and the resulting changes in the crystalline lens
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