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Abstract
Soil organic matter is degraded and easily altered by the type of management. The objective of this work is to determine the total organic carbon and humic substance fractions in the organic matter of the soil with different management types and depths in the western region of Paraná, Brazil. The work was carried out in the Experimental Farm “Professor Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa”, belonging to the State University of the West of Paraná. Five soil management systems were evaluated: one area with corn cultivation for silage (CS); other area with succession of crops, with soybean in summer and corn in winter (SC); the next area also with succession of crops, with soy in the summer and oat in the winter (SO); the following area with permanent pasture with Tifton (PP); and the last area with crop-livestock integration (ILC). For each management system, four plots were randomly selected, in each plot three simple samples were collected in a diagonal direction to form a composite sample for the depth of 0.00-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m and 0.10-0.15 m. Total organic carbon, fractionation of the humic substances and the AH/AF and EA/HUM ratios were calculated. For most of the analyzed variables, it was verified that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the systems evaluated in the studied depths. In the evaluated areas, the PP, SO and ILC systems presented the highest carbon content for all attributes analyzed.
Highlights
The search for alternatives to increase crop productivity in recent years has prompted the agricultural sector to seek alternatives to produce more sustainably and preserve soil, water and environmental resources (Loss et al, 2009)
Some systems have been developed in response to this issue, with the common objective of providing a more sustainable management of the soil, as in the case of the no-tillage system (SPD), which advocates the constant maintenance of mulch on the soil, among other objectives; and integrated systems, such as crop-livestock integration (ILC), which combines annual crops and pasture in the same area (Andrioli et al, 2008)
Among the advantages of using these management systems, in relation to the soil factor, we can mention the better soil protection against weathering, especially erosion; maintenance of soil moisture, improvement of soil structural and nutritional characteristics and increase the microbiological activity of the soil (Andrade et al, 2009; Loss et al, 2011). These improvements are related to the contribution of organic matter, which is an attribute that indicates the quality of the soil, directly affecting the structural part and the chemical dynamics of the essential elements (Carneiro et al, 2009)
Summary
The search for alternatives to increase crop productivity in recent years has prompted the agricultural sector to seek alternatives to produce more sustainably and preserve soil, water and environmental resources (Loss et al, 2009). Among the advantages of using these management systems, in relation to the soil factor, we can mention the better soil protection against weathering, especially erosion; maintenance of soil moisture, improvement of soil structural and nutritional characteristics and increase the microbiological activity of the soil (Andrade et al, 2009; Loss et al, 2011). These improvements are related to the contribution of organic matter, which is an attribute that indicates the quality of the soil, directly affecting the structural part and the chemical dynamics of the essential elements (Carneiro et al, 2009). The non-living components of organic matter are represented by decomposing plant residues, humid and jas.ccsenet.org
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