Abstract
The effects of temperature on bulk hydrogen concentration and diffusion have been tested with the Devanathan–-Stachurski method. Thus, a model based on hydrogen potential, diffusivity, loading frequency, and hydrostatic stress distribution around crack tips was applied in order to quantify the temperature’s effect. The theoretical model was verified experimentally and confirmed a temperature threshold of 320 K to maximize the crack growth. The model suggests a nanoscale embrittlement mechanism, which is generated by hydrogen atom delivery to the crack tip under fatigue loading, and rationalized the ΔK dependence of traditional models. Hence, this work could be applied to optimize operations that will prolong the life of the pipeline.
Highlights
Hydrogen embrittlement [1,2] is the most severe degradation mechanism in buried pipeline steel and is an issue involving the loading, environment, and physical property of the steel [3,4,5,6].Temperature is a determining factor in hydrogen diffusivity and bulk hydrogen concentration co and, determines the level of hydrogen embrittlement [7,8,9]
Hydrogen atoms are driven by hydrostatic stress to accumulate around the crack tip [17,18]
This hydrogen atomic the originalB length of the crack; kB is the Boltzmann constant; modeland establishes a quantitative relationship between the temperature and crack growth because both
Summary
Hydrogen embrittlement [1,2] is the most severe degradation mechanism in buried pipeline steel and is an issue involving the loading, environment, and physical property of the steel [3,4,5,6]. 56 H m2/s; ΩH is the partial volume of hydrogen atom; v is Poisson’s ratio; co is the bulk equilibrium concentration; ao is the concentration; original lengthaoofisthe crack; k is the Boltzmann constant; and T is temperature. This hydrogen atomic the originalB length of the crack; kB is the Boltzmann constant; modeland establishes a quantitative relationship between the temperature and crack growth because both. This model is only applicable in static loading and in a o crack growth rate because both D and co are dependent on temperature T. The stress intensity andintensity dislocation outside the plastic zone is low, the hydrogen concentration outside the plastic zone approximates the bulk hydrogen concentration, co
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