Abstract
In the present study, the levels of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometeric method. The following concentration ranges (mg/L) were recorded in wastewater samples: Cr (2.006-373.005), Cd (0.015-0.051), Mn (1.421-3.049), Cu (0.024-0.906) and Zn (0.105-0.934). Whereas, Pb was found to be blow detection limit (0.04). The concentration of Cr was highest followed by Mn in all sample sites and these values were found to be significantly higher than the maximum permissible limits of WHO, NEQS and FEPA. The levels of Cd, Cu and Zn were within the maximum permissible limits for effluent discharged into rivers. Decreasing in concentrations of heavy metals with distance from point source up to a distance of 40 meters was observed. pH, Temperature (°C), COD, TDS, TSS, SO42- and Cl- (mg/L) were also determined: Temperature (24.65-25.52), pH (8.85-10.31), SO42- (22.74-695.77), TDS (1500.00-4300.00), TSS (1505.00-2498.33), Cl- (235.03-1396.29) and COD (512.39-902.50). Similarly, anion concentration decreased with distance from point source up to a distance of 40 m. The control sample which is 40 m far before the wastewater inter into the Dufa River, recorded the lowest concentrations for all the parameters under studied. A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level shows that, there is a statistical significance variation of means concentration between the four sampling sites except pH and temperature.
Highlights
IntroductionAdvanced industrialization processes have provided comforts to human beings, on the other hand, but it has resulted in indiscriminate release of gases and liquids, which polluted the environment of biological system
Environmental pollution is an undesirable change in hydrosphere and lithosphere
We show how the metals vary between the four sampling sites (S1, S2, S3 and S4) and at the same time compares the level of each metal at different sampling sites
Summary
Advanced industrialization processes have provided comforts to human beings, on the other hand, but it has resulted in indiscriminate release of gases and liquids, which polluted the environment of biological system. Large amount of untreated sewage/industrial water is being discharged in to surface bodies for disposal [1]. Industry has become integral part of modern society. Production of waste is an inevitable of the industrial activities. A material is becoming waste when it is discharged without expecting to be compensated for its inherent value. Those wastes may pose a potential hazard to human and environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed off or managed [2]
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