Quantification of sedative-hypnotics in human urine and plasma via polystyrene-based solid phase extraction-LC-MS/MS analysis

Abstract

Owing to the adverse effects of the overuse of common sedative-hypnotics on human health, the development of an efficient analytical method for the detection of drugs in clinical emergencies and forensic science is significant. Although conventional analytical methods, such as immunoassay, liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry (MS) are reliable, they exhibit drawbacks such low-throughput screening and high costs. Thus, in this study, we developed a novel high-throughput method consisting of a polystyrene-based solid phase extraction (SPE) and an LC with tandem MS analysis for the detection of drugs in biological samples and investigated its precision and reliability via the detection of twelve sedative-hypnotics in human urine and plasma samples. Good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.99) were achieved within the concentration range of 0.1–20 ng/mL for the 12 analytes in urine samples. Whereas, in the plasma samples, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99 in the concentration range 1–100 ng/mL for lorazepam and clonazepam and in the range 0.5–100 ng/mL for the remaining analytes. The intra- and inter-day precision, autosampler and freeze–thaw stabilities, and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for all twelve analytes in the urine and plasma samples were favorable. Furthermore, sedative-hypnotics were detected in clinical samples obtained from the Hebei General Hospital using this method. These results indicated that the analytical method proposed in this study can be effectively applied in toxicology screening and drug abuse monitoring.The method developed in this study could be applied in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories for sedative-hypnotic drug screening, providing support for drug abuse monitoring and clinical diagnosis.