Quantification of quantum steering in a Gaussian Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state

Abstract

As one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum networks. Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state plays important role in quantum communication network. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of a continuous variable tripartite GHZ state, we fully quantify the amount of bipartite steering under Gaussian measurements. We demonstrate that the (1+1)-mode steerability is not exist in the tripartite GHZ state, only the collectively steerability exist between the (1+2)-mode and (2+1)-mode partitions. These properties confirm that the tripartite GHZ state is a perfect resource for quantum secret sharing protocol. We also demonstrate one-way EPR steering of the GHZ state under Gaussian measurements, and experimentally verify the introduced monogamy relations for Gaussian steerability. Our experiment provides reference for using EPR steering in Gaussian GHZ states as a valuable resource for multiparty quantum information tasks.