Quantification of multi-residue levels in peach juices, pulps and peels using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on floating organic droplet coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection

Abstract

In this paper, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and pyrethroid pesticides in peach was investigated by comparing their residual level in peach juice, pulps and peels using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Extraction conditions such as the type of extractant, volume of extractant and dispersant, salt effect and extraction time were optimized. For juice samples, the linearity of the method was obtained in the range of 10–2000 ng L −1,with determination coefficients > 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) of the method were ranged between 2.8 and 18.5 ng L −1. For pulp and peel samples, the developed method is linear over the range assayed, 1–20 μg kg −1,with coefficients also >0.99. The relative recoveries of compounds analyzed from juice, pulp and peel samples were in the range of 73–106% with a relative standard deviation between 2.6 and 11.8%. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous analysis of residues in real peach juice, pulp and peel samples. As a result, there were no target analytes found in peach juices and pulps while 3.3 μg kg −1 cyhalothrin and 3.5 μg kg −1 fenvalerate were found in peels. The experiment results revealed that the pyrethroid residues just deposited on the peels of the fruits, but did not move into pulps and juices.