Abstract
The present study estimated the concentration (in ppm) of heavy metals of Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb in water samples and edible tissue of Labeo boga; both collected from the non polluted (Station I) and polluted (Station II) locations of river Tawi, Jammu, India. The mean concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb) at Station I were 0.048±0.008 (ppm); 0.016±0.001 (ppm); 0.157±0.002 (ppm) and 0.0001±0.0001 respectively; while at Station II, these values were 0.133±0.001 (ppm); 0.022±0.002 (ppm); 0.206±0.002 (ppm) and 0.002±0.001 (ppm) respectively; the statistical difference between the stations were significantly higher (p<0.05). The order of heavy metal load obtained in water samples at both the stations was found to be Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb. Also, the mean bioaccumulation of heavy metals viz. Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb in the edible tissue of fish at Station I was found to be 0.374±0.011 (ppm), 0.105±0.02 (ppm); 0.094±0.04 (ppm) and0.001±0.0001 (ppm) respectively; on the other hand, mean bioaccumulation was 0.539±0.013 (ppm); 0.156±0.04 (ppm); 0.121±0.023 (ppm) and 0.0013±0.0001 (ppm) respectively at Station II. Even though bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in the experimental sites did not exceed the acceptable limits recommended by the agencies like FAO and WHO, the present results showed an increasing trend of the accumulation, which definitely poses a serious threat to the survival of aquatic organisms in the study area. J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 19-29, 2021 (December)
Highlights
River water forms the lifeline of all living organisms
Even though bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in the experimental sites did not exceed the acceptable limits recommended by the agencies like FAO and WHO, the present results showed an increasing trend of the accumulation, which definitely poses a serious threat to the survival of aquatic organisms in the study area
Results for the heavy metal concentration in water samples (Table 1) revealed that maximum mean concentration of heavy metals was observed during summer season, while minimum values were observed during winter season
Summary
River water forms the lifeline of all living organisms. Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem due to their environmental toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chain (Kumar and Seema 2016, Kumar et al 2017, Xu et al 2018, Ali et al 2019). High level of heavy metals in fresh water bodies makes them unsuitable for human consumption, livestock watering and irrigation (Edokpayi et al 2017). Heavy metals are distributed in the environment through natural processes viz. Are the prime sources of heavy metal contamination of water bodies (Zhang et al 2014, Banaee et al 2015, Singh et al 2016, Farsani et al 2019). Heavy metals can be converted into more toxic organic forms by microbes, some of which can be harmful to humans and aquatic organisms (Hu et al 2013, Xu et al 2016, Zhao et al 2016). The heavy metal pollution may possess serious health concerns for human beings viz. The heavy metal pollution may possess serious health concerns for human beings viz. renal failure, cardiovascular diseases, liver damage (IARC 2012, Rahman et al 2012, Ying et al 2018, Kim et al 2019)
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