Quantification of Epidermal Histological Changes Induced by Topical Retinoids and CD271 in the Rhino Mouse Model Using a Standardized Image Analysis Technique

Abstract

The rhino mouse has been used as an experimental model to screen topically active comedolytic agents. Adult rhino mice were treated on the back once daily for 5 consecutive days per week during 3 weeks. Skin histological preparations were analyzed by image analysis techniques to quantify the number of epidermal comedones, comedo profile and epidermal thickness. Using both a negative (treated with acetone) and a positive (treated with Aberel gel 0.025%) control group of animals in all experiments conducted over a period of about 3 years, we defined the upper and lower limit of acceptability of the results. Topical treatment with an acetone solution of all-trans retinoic acid (0.01, 0.03, 0.1%) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (0.1%) induced comedolysis and a marked increase in epidermal thickness. Commercial preparations of all-trans retinoic acid (Aberel lotion, gel and cream, Retin A cream, Retacnyl cream) presented a similar comedolytic activity. However, the epidermal thickening was higher with Retin A and weaker with Retacnyl. CD271, a new modulator of cell differentiation, applied either in acetone solution (0.01, 0.1%) or in lotion, gel or cream formulations (0.1%) also demonstrated a marked activity (i.e. comedolysis and epidermal thickening). These data confirm that the rhino mouse model can be used to assay drugs applied either in solvent or in topical formulations. Activity in this model compares favorably with published clinical observations in the treatment of acne.