Quantification of Ca, K, Mg, Zn and Fe elements in grape leaves from different regions of Iraq by atomic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract

Grapes grow in various regions of Iraq, regions have been selected Baqubah, Al Khalesah, Nasiriyah and Sulaymaniyah, to determine the Ca, K, Mg, Zn, and Fe concentrations in their leaves for its nutritional importance using atomic absorption spectroscopy (A.A.S.). Two procedures were used for sample preparation (one of their new) and their accuracy data was evaluated, no significant differences at 97% level of confidence were found by comparison the dataset results for two methods. It has been found that Ca, K, Mg, Zn and Fe metal ion concentration are in the range of (806.9 – 2815.2), (7092.2 – 11058.7), (3708.7 – 5434.8), (17.2 – 30.8) and (114.8 – 3083) μg.g-1, respectively and follow the order K>>Mg>Ca>>Fe>Zn. However, the metal contents in vine leaves from Al Khalesah and Baqubah were relatively high in comparing to those of Sulaymaniyah and Nasiriyah. Fe metal content significantly differs from region to region and the highest concentration was found in grape leaves from Baqubah region (2890.9 – 3083.0 μg.g–1), Nasiriyah (2314.8 - 2331.3 μg.g–1), Al Khalesah (205.7 – 237.2 μg.g–1), while the lowest from Sulaymaniyah (110.9 – 114.8 μg.g-1). Thus, through the variation in the concentration of trophic metals in grape leaves from one region to another and their lack of similarity, irregularity, and incongruence, it can be concluded that the different concentration of elements depends on the quality of the soil, the irrigation water, and the climate and atmosphere (The nature of environment).