Quantification and Verification of Residential Battery Response for Frequency Regulation in PV-Rich Power Systems

Abstract

The growing adoption of residential battery energy storage systems (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV) systems will eventually reduce demand, forcing more synchronous generation offline. As BESS and PV penetrations increase, system frequency excursions following contingencies are expected to become more significant due to the reduced inertia and primary frequency response (PFR). In this context, the ability of BESS to quickly inject or absorb active power could be used to mitigate frequency excursions. This work proposes an analytical approach to quantify the response required from residential BESS to achieve a specified quasi steady-state frequency following a contingency at any given time. An analysis is carried out to verify whether BESS can deliver the required PFR considering different PV and BESS penetrations. Applying this approach to the IEEE 9-bus test system, this paper demonstrates the relationship among time, BESS droop and their rated power capacity to ensure the provision of the required PFR.