Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings, a GT1 clone, produced in protected environments in a variety of substrates. The treatments consisted of 13 substrates composed of combinations of cattle manure, soil from a ravine, medium vermiculite, superfine vermiculite and washed fine sand and two environments: a greenhouse with 50% shade using aluminized screen and a plant nursery with 50% shade using a Sombrite® screen. There were no replications of the environments; therefore, each one was considered an experiment. For each environment, a completely randomized experimental design with five replications was used to evaluate the substrates. Subsequently, the average squares of the residuals of individual variance analyses of these treatments (substrates) were evaluated, and because they did not exceed an approximate ratio of 7:1, a combined analysis of experiments was performed with Sisvar software. Two hundred eighty days after sowing, the dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, diameter at five centimeters above soil and the seedling quality indices were evaluated. Results indicated that substrates with a low amount of manure and sand and a high amount of vermiculite (S9 and S13) produced rubber tree seedlings of high-quality. The environment with greater radiation availability was better for the development of high-quality rubber tree seedlings.
Highlights
Among several species of the genus Hevea, the species Hevea brasiliensis [(Wild. ex
Rubber tree cultivation is an activity that has expanded in area in the Brazilian territory, mainly to areas considered free from South American leaf blight, such as regions of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil
To implant or replace plants in commercial rubber tree plantations, in addition to enhancing environmental projects that contribute to the sequestration of atmospheric carbon (Cambui, Vasconcelos, Mariano Neto, Viana, & Cardoso, 2017; Maggiotto et al, 2014), high-quality seedlings are required
Summary
Among several species of the genus Hevea, the species Hevea brasiliensis [(Wild. ex. Adr. de Juss.) Muell Arg.] is the most utilized in commercial plantations due to its high yield of latex (Liu et al, 2015) and high quality for rubber manufacturing. Rubber tree cultivation is an activity that has expanded in area in the Brazilian territory, mainly to areas considered free from South American leaf blight, such as regions of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil. This expansion has increased the requirement for phytosanitary control and high-quality seedlings. To implant or replace plants in commercial rubber tree plantations, in addition to enhancing environmental projects that contribute to the sequestration of atmospheric carbon (Cambui, Vasconcelos, Mariano Neto, Viana, & Cardoso, 2017; Maggiotto et al, 2014), high-quality seedlings are required To achieve this goal, multiple technologies and techniques are used, such as using selected and vigorous seeds, using suitable substrates, planting in containers and compatible protected environments, and controlling irrigation, among others
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