Abstract
In Soconusco, Chiapas, in spite of the high availability of surface water, it is resorting to the use of groundwater. Knowledge about the quality of surface or groundwater used to irrigate crops in that region is low. This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of the quality of groundwater for agricultural use through the characterization of the spatial variability. Assuming a random spatial distribution of 45 samples which were collected in situ were determined: acidity and alkalinity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), cations and anions and trace elements; in addition to the agricultural index: Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Sodium Percentage (% Na), Kelly Ratio (KR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Permeability Index (PI), Effective Salinity (ES), Salinity Potential (SP) and Osmotic Potential (OP). In general, SSP, % Na, KR, PI are low, there is only one anomalous point (9) with high values at W of the study area. Similarly, PS, ES, Cl, Na and SAR are low except point 16 and conversely, RSC and pH are high, except at this point located in the center of the study area. The results allow us to infer that the water in that aquifer presents no problems or sodicity toxic ions. In 27 sites sampled values above 250 µmhos/cm were found at 25°C, classified as medium to high risk of salinity, unsuitable for agricultural use. Analysis of the combined effect of the presence of sodium (SAR) and salinity (EC or TDS) shows that 27 of analyzing sites have restricted water medium at very high for use in irrigation.
Highlights
As the surface water, groundwater is part of the hydrological cycle and, a significant portion of the world population depends on it
88% are plotted within the HCO3 type, 6% are mixed type, 4% are SO4 type and while only one simple has the influence of Cl type
The (Gibbs, 1970) diagram was originally constructed for surface water analysis; it is possible to recognize some processes that occur to groundwater
Summary
Groundwater is part of the hydrological cycle and, a significant portion of the world population depends on it. The logarithm law fits velocity and concentration distribution in the position far away from the interface in developed turbulent flow (Wang and Yu, 2007). Many scholars have proposed some new ideas and methods for accurate mineral grade assessment, many of which are based on chemical or physical test equipment to obtain the data for ingredient grade analysis (Kameshwara, Rao, & Narayana, 2014; De'nan, Naaim, & Leong, 2017). At present, automated testing equipment is used in ore grade analysis, such as “BOX-A type on-stream x-ray fluorescence analyzer”, which uses spectral obtain by irradiating X-rays to the pulp to get the results of ore grade. It is worth noting that BOX-A type on-stream x-ray fluorescence analyzer by default is that the spectral data obtained is correct Whether it is chemical or physical testing equipment are inevitably produced abnormal data. The detection and elimination of these abnormal data is the premise and key to the above ore grade analysis work
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