Abstract
Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) and Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC) are increasingly being used as traditional herbal medicines, but they are often mistaken for each other. In this study, the fingerprints of PCC from six different geographical sources were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography, and multivariate chemometric methods were used for comprehensive analysis. Two unsupervised pattern recognition models (principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) and a supervised pattern recognition model (partial least squares discriminant analysis) were established on the basis of the chemical composition and physical traits of PCC and PAC. PCC and PAC were found to be distinguishable by these methods. The PCC category was divisible into two categories, one with more crude cork and a maximum thickness of ~1.5 mm, and the other with less net crude cork and a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm. According to the model established by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the important chemical marker berberine hydrochloride was obtained and analyzed quantitatively. From these results combined with chemometric and content analyses, the preliminary classification standards for phellodendron were established as three grades: superior, first-order and mixed. Compared with the traditional identification methods of thin layer chromatography identification and microscopic identification, our method for quality evaluation is relatively simple. It provides a basis and reference for identification of PCC and enables establishment of grade standards. It also could be applied in quality control for compound preparations containing PCC.
Highlights
Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) and Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC) are well-known traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) known as Huangbai, from the dried bark of Phellodendron chinense Schneid, and Guanhuangbai, from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr, respectively [1]
The results of chemometrics suggested that the main factor influencing the PCC quality was crude cork thickness, which was mainly related to the number of years of growth
An important chemical marker affecting the quality of PCC was screened by establishing a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model: berberine hydrochloride
Summary
Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) and Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC) are well-known traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) known as Huangbai, from the dried bark of Phellodendron chinense Schneid, and Guanhuangbai, from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr, respectively [1]. PCC is widely used for the treatment of diabetes, tumors, and other diseases [2,3]. It contains numerous chemical components, such as alkaloids and terpenoids, which confer multiple pharmacological activities [4,5,6]. Alkaloids, such as berberine and jatrorrhizine, have anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities [7,8,9], whereas limonoids, such as obacunone and obaculactone, have anticancer properties [10].
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